The changes in cardiac dimensions and function in patients with end stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis

BACKGROUND It is absolutely necessary to evaluate cardiac function on starting and during hemodialysis in patients with end stage renal disease. In this study, we tried to determinate the changes of cardiac function associated with hemodialysis. METHODS Twenty patients with end stage renal disease, who had been in a hemodialysis program from February, 1997 to August, 1999 in Pusan National University Hospital, were enrolled. They were examined with echocardiography and gated blood pool scintigraphy on starting hemodialysis and after follow-up. The data were analyzed by paired t-test. RESULTS The patients were 46.2 +/- 16.8 years old and male to female ratio was 8:12. The underlying diseases were diabetes mellitus (n = 10), hypertension, glomerulonephritis and others. The duration of symptoms associated with end stage renal disease and underlying diseases was 3.4 +/- 2.6 years and the duration of hemodialysis was 13.8 +/- 7.0 months. The LVEDID, LVESID and RVC decreased significantly (-6.10, -7.80 and -20.00%, respectively, p < 0.05) with no significant changes for LAD, IVS, PWT and EF (p > 0.05). In ten cases associated with diabetes, LVEDID decreased (-7.90%, p < 0.05). In twelve cases associated with cardiac diseases, LVEDID and LVESID decreased (-8.60 and -10.50%, respectively, p < 0.05). In four cases associated with diabetes without cardiac diseases, LAD decreased (-5.10%, p < 0.05) and in four cases associated with cardiac diseases without diabetes there were no significant changes in cardiac dimensions and EF. In seven cases associated with diabetes and cardiac diseases, LVEDID decreased (-10.50%, p < 0.05). The EF on gated blood pool scintigraphy decreased (-0.9%, p < 0.05) as a whole while it increased (5.90%, p < 0.05) in the cases associated with diabetes and cardiac diseases. CONCLUSION During the early hemodialysis stage of end stage renal disease, we found a change of concentric left ventricular hypertrophy and relatively preserved left ventricular function. Furthermore, we can expect that adequate hemodialysis--with dry weight as low as possible--may prevent progression to eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy and dilated cardiomyopathy.